Aviation for Dummies

Roles & Responsibility The main objective of the air traffic controller (ATC) is to direct air traffic within the area of control so as to avoid any collisions between any aircraft operating within the same area (FAA, n.d., p15-7). This is done so as to prevent any mishaps from occurring which could endanger the lives of the people on board the aircraft especially when visibility is low. Besides that, the ATC is also required to provide secondary service or assistance to any aircraft operating within the area of control such as during emergencies unless they are limited by certain factors which deem the service or assistance unable to be rendered (FAA, n.d., p15-7). Local Airport Control Tower Functions  According to OAJ (2020), a local airport control tower provides pilot with instructions and advisories on potential hazards within the area, issue clearance and instructions for take off and landings, accpeting and transferring of any incoming and outgoing flights respectively, and

Wildlife and Their Threat To The Aviation World Airport operation is not something to be trifled with when many mishaps could happen on a daily basis. Foreign object damage (FOD) caused by wildlife - specifically bird strikes, is one factor not to be underestimated which can severely impact the aviation world by causing damage to aircraft and/or engine which is also one of the most common effects of airport operations. According to Dolbeer et al. (2022), birdstrikes have been on a rise since 1990-2021 of up to 5times over the years. In the span of 32 years, there were 259,577 reported birdstrikes, and in 2021 alone, 15,556 cases were reported. Damages can range from a small dent in minor instances to significant lost of aircraft or even engine in extreme cases. Such is the case of the birdstrike that occurred in 2021 whereby a large American bald eagle was ingested into the right engine of an airbus 320, causing a fire within the engine which resulted in an aborted take off (Dolbeer et

International Airspace We've heard about international waters. What about international airspace? Apparently, just as the land is governed by a state or country, so does the air above it. The law governing international airspace is part of the Chicago convention whereby 54 nations came together in 1944 to establish international agreements on laws governing aviation so that the industry can operate safely and efficiently through close partnerships (ICAO, n.d.). Although this was in efforts to ease tensions between nations during the second world war, nevertheless, it is still of significant importance that clear rules were established equally and fairly for everyone. Despite the many articles established in the Chicago convention, the main area of concern for this blogpost is on the laws governing territorial airspace which is clearly stated in article 1 and 2. It is mentioned in article 1 that states participating in the agreement recognizes that each and every state has full cont

What Is Human Factors? Image sourced from Human Factors FAA, n.d. In the past when aviation was first introduced, there were many accidents that occur due to a poor understanding of aviation which led to many accidents caused by mechanical failures. As time progressed, technology advanced and humans have a better understanding on aviation. This led to accidents caused by mechanical failures to occur much lesser as compared to accidents due to human factors. Human factors is a way to determine how humans can operate systems and services in aviation safely and efficiently without errors or mishaps (FAA, n.d.-c, p14-3). It is a common understanding that most aviation accidents happen due to human factors at roughly 80% as compared to mechanical failures (FAA, n.d.-c, p14-1). If situations are not arrested in time, it may lead to dire consequences. When discussing about human factors within the aviation industry, the first thing that comes to mind for many is the dirty dozen. Human Factors

Emerging Security Threats When people think about aviation security threats, first thing that comes to mind is the 9/11 incident whereby an aircraft was hijacked mid flight and crashed, causing the death of many. Many fail to recognise that as technology advances, the imminent threats are becoming more innovative and creative. With that, I would like to share more on unmanned aircraft threats, and how they can pose a risk to the aviation industry. Unmanned aircraft such as drones can be used as a surveillance technique to gather data and also hack ground and air systems.  Due to it being relatively small and inexpensive to build in nature, the deployment of the unmanned aircraft system can be discreet and yet pose significant threat to the aviation industry as it can even be used to transport and deploy weapon systems of any nature ( Tomáš et al., 2012 ). Because it is so small, most unmanned aircraft systems may even go undetected by radars which can be extremely dangerous as it poten

What Does The Oil System Do? There are an array of functions that an oil system provides to an engine. The key functions are to provide lubrication to moving parts within the engine, cool down the engine through minimising of friction between those moving parts, transferring of heat away from moving parts, generating a barrier between cylinder walls and and pistons, and lastly transporting contaminants away from the moving parts (FAA, n.d., p7-16). Take for example, the joints in your body. If not properly lubricated (synovial fluid), can lead to stiffness of joints. Drawing comparison from that, if engine rotating parts are not properly lubricated, it can lead to many severe consequences. But, we will dwell more on that later. What Does The Oil System Consists Of? Generally, there are two types of engine oil system. Mainly, a wet sump type which consists of a sump and a pump, and a dry sump type which consists of an oil pump as well, but instead of a sump it has an external oil tank (